《场地平整》PPT课件(I) 35页

§1.2场地平整\n1、基坑土方量：按拟柱体法——V=(F下+4F中+F上)H/6F下F上F中H基坑、基槽、路堤土方量的计算\nHI－IFi2、基槽（路堤）土方量：沿长度方向分段计算Vi，再V=Vi断面尺寸不变的槽段：Vi=Fi×Li断面尺寸变化的槽段：Vi=(Fi1+4Fi0+Fi2)Li/6槽段长Li：外墙——槽底中～中，内墙——槽底净长IIL2L1L5\n§1.2场地平整场地平整要考虑的因素满足规划的要求；满足运输的要求；满足排水要求；尽量利用地形；\n1.2.1场地竖向设计确定场地设计标高：◈一般方法原则：挖填平衡适用条件：小型场地，地形较平缓。◈最佳平面设计方法原则：挖填平衡，且总的土方量最小。适用条件：大型场地，地形复杂。\n场地设计标高H0计算示意图(a)方格网划分；(b)场地设计标高示意图1一等高线；2--自然地面，3一场地设计标高平面(a)(b)1、确定场地设计标高的一般方法\n方法：将场地划分为每格边长10～40m的方格网，找出每个方格各个角点的自然地面标高（实测法、等高线插入法）。场地设计标高为：H0=（Hi1+Hi2+Hi3+Hi4）/4nHi1、Hi2、Hi3、Hi4——一个方格各角点的自然地面标高n——方格个数。或：H0=（H1+2H2+3H3+4H4）/4nH1——一个方格所独有角点的标高；H2、H3、H4——分别为两个、三个、四个方格共用角点的标高。\n场地设计标高的调整：主要考虑泄水坡度LyLxixiyH0(2)双向排水时，各方格角点设计标高为：LHnH0H0iHn=H0L•iHn=H0LxixLyiy(1)单向排水时，各方格角点设计标高为:Hn\n场地设计标高的计算步骤：1．划分场地方格网（10m~40m）；2．计算或实测各角点的原地形标高；3．计算场地设计标高H０；H0=（H1+2H2+3H3+4H4）/4n4．设计标高调整，计算Hn。Hn=H0L•iHn=H0LxixLyiy\n【例】某建筑场地方格网、地面标高如图,格边长a=20m。泄水坡度ix=2‰，iy=3‰，不考虑土的可松性的影响，确定方格各角点的设计标高。解：（1）确定场地设计标高（场地平均标高）H0=(H1+2H2+3H3+4H4)/4n=[70.09+71.43+69.10+70.70+2×(70.40+70.95+69.71+…)+4×（70.17+70.70+69.81+70.38）]/(4×9)=70.29(m)70.09\n70.09（2）按泄水坡度调整设计标高：Hn=H0LxixLyiy；H1=70.29－30×2‰+30×3‰=70.3270.3270.3670.4070.4470.2670.3070.3470.3870.2070.2470.2870.3270.1470.1870.2270.26H0＝70.29H2=70.29－10×2‰+30×3‰=70.36H3=70.29+10×2‰+30×3‰=70.40其它见图\nhn：角点的设计标高与原地形标高的差值各角点的施工高度hn=Hn－Hn’hn：该角点施工高度（m）Hn：该角点设计标高（m）Hn’：该角点自然地面标高（m）若hn为正值，则该点为填方，hn为负值则为挖方。\n70.3270.3670.4070.4470.2670.3070.3470.3870.2070.2470.2870.3270.1470.1870.2270.2670.09计算各方格角点的施工高度hn：hn=Hn－Hn’即：hn=该角点的设计标高—自然地面标高（m）h1=70.32－70.09=＋0.23(m)+0.23-0.04-0.55-0.99+0.55+0.13-0.36-0.84+0.83+0.43-0.10-0.63+1.04+0.56+0.02-0.44h2=70.36－70.40=－0.04(m)负值为挖方高度正值为填方高度\n【课堂练习】某建筑场地方格网、地面标高如下图所示,格边长a=20m。泄水坡度ix=3‰，iy=2‰，不考虑土的可松性的影响，确定方格各角点的设计标高和施工高度。127.2227.6328.3429.5529.4627.7728.0829.0929.61029.91128.11228.51329.21429.8角点编号施工高度地面标高设计标高iy=2‰ix=3‰\n解：（1）确定场地设计标高（场地平均标高）H0=(H1+2H2+3H3+4H4)/4n=[(27.2+29.4+29.9+28.1+29.8)+2×(27.6+28.3+29.5+…)+3×(29.6)+4×(28.0+29.0)]/(4×7)=28.67（m）127.2227.6328.3429.5529.4627.7728.0829.0929.61029.91128.11228.51329.21429.8角点编号施工高度地面标高设计标高iy=2‰ix=3‰\n（2）按泄水坡度调整设计标高：Hn=H0LxixLyiy；H1=28.67－40×3‰+20×2‰=28.59(m)H2=28.67－20×3‰+20×2‰=28.65(m)iy=2‰ix=3‰127.2227.6328.3429.5529.4627.7728.0829.0929.61029.91128.11228.51329.21429.8\n需进一步明确的几个问题：1．上述方法用在小型平缓的场地；2．大型复杂场地由规划部门进行场平设计；3．考虑坡度，调整设计标高时，如何确定H０的位置：保证挖填大致平衡4．一般方法只能保证挖填平衡，不能保证总的土方量最小。\n2、最佳设计平面特点：挖填平衡，总的土方量最小；适应任何场地；需用计算机计算\n计算步骤：1.确定各角点的施工高度hn。2.确定“零线”的位置。3.计算每个方格填、挖方量，计算场地边坡的土方量，计算整个场地的填、挖方总量。1.2.2场地平整土方量的计算\n70.3270.3670.4070.4470.2670.3070.3470.3870.2070.2470.2870.3270.1470.1870.2270.26+0.23-0.04-0.55-0.99+0.55+0.13-0.36-0.84+0.83+0.43-0.10-0.63+1.04+0.56+0.02-0.4470.09确定零线的方法（挖填分界线）插入法、比例法找零点零点连线h100\n场地土方量的计算：分别按方格求出挖、填方量，再求整个场地总挖方量、总填方量（1）四角棱柱体法1）全挖、全填格：V挖（填）=a2(h1+h2+h3+h4)/4h1~h4—方格角点施工高度绝对值V挖（填）—挖方或填方的体积。h1h4h3h2h1h4h2h3aa\n2）部分挖、部分填格：V挖（填）=a2[h挖（填）]2/4hh挖（填）—方格角点挖或填施工高度绝对值之和；h—方格四个角点施工高度绝对值总和。h1h4h2h3aah4h3h2h1h4h3h2h1h1h4h2h3a\n70.3270.3670.4070.4470.2670.3070.3470.3870.2070.2470.2870.3270.1470.1870.2270.26+0.23-0.04-0.55-0.99+0.55+0.13-0.36-0.84+0.83+0.43-0.10-0.63+1.04+0.56+0.02-0.4470.0900①②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨计算场地土方量③、④、⑥、⑦为全挖或全填网格V挖（填）=a2(h1+h2+h3+h4)/4V3(挖)=20X20X(0.55+0.90+0.36+0.84)/4=256m3V4(填)=20X20X(0.55+0.13+0.83+0.43)/4=194m3V6(挖)=20X20X(0.36+0.84+0.10+0.63)/4=193m3V7(填)=20X20X(0.83+0.43+1.04+0.65)/4=295m3\n70.3270.3670.4070.4470.2670.3070.3470.3870.2070.2470.2870.3270.1470.1870.2270.26+0.23-0.04-0.55-0.99+0.55+0.13-0.36-0.84+0.83+0.43-0.10-0.63+1.04+0.56+0.02-0.4470.0900①②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨计算场地土方量①、②、⑤、⑧、⑨为部分挖、部分填网格V挖（填）=a2[h挖（填）]2/4hV1(挖)=20X20X(0.04)2/(0.23+0.04+0.55+0.13)X4=0.168m3V1(填)=20X20X(0.23+0.55+0.13)2/(0.23+0.04+0.55+0.13)X4=87.17m3V2(挖)=83.56m3V2(填)=1.56m3V5(挖)=20.75m3V5(填)=30.75m3V8(挖)=0.9m3V8(填)=91.9m3V9(挖)=115m3V9(填)=0.03m3\n计算场地土方量计算总的挖方量和总的填方量V总（挖）≈V总（填）V总(挖)=V1(挖)+V2(挖)+V3(挖)+V5(挖)+V6(挖)+V8(挖)+V9(挖)=0.168+83.56+256+20.75+193+0.9+115=669.38m3V总(填)=V1(填)+V2(填)+V4(填)+V5(填)+V7(填)+V8(填)+V9(填)=87.17+1.56+194+30.75+295+91.9+0.03=700.41m3V总(挖)≈V总(填)误差4%\n场地平整土方量计算步骤（1）确定场地设计标高（场地平均标高）H0=（H1+2H2+3H3+4H4）/4n（2）按泄水坡度调整设计标高：Hn=H0LxixLyiy（3）计算各角点的施工高度：hn=Hn－Hn’（4）确定零线的位置；（5）根据各角点的施工高度及零线位置求各方格的填方量和挖方量；（6）计算总的挖填土方量。\n【例】某建筑场地方格网、地面标高如图,格边长a=20m。泄水坡度ix=2‰，iy=3‰，不考虑土的可松性的影响，计算场地平整土方量。115.44216.07316.52416.32515.95615.57716.27817.17917.701017.741115.121217.621317.621418.241519.041615.121715.241816.871917.07iy=2‰ix=3‰\n解：（1）确定场地设计标高（场地平均标高）H0=（H1+2H2+3H3+4H4）/4n=[15.44+15.95+15.12+15.12+17.07+2×(16.07+16.52+16.32+…)+3×17.62+4×(16.27+17.17+17.70+…)]/(4×11)=16.96（m）115.44216.07316.52416.32515.95615.57716.27817.17917.701017.741115.121217.621317.621418.241519.041615.121715.241816.871917.07\n（2）按泄水坡度调整设计标高：Hn=H0LxixLyiyH1=16.96－40×3‰+30×2‰=16.916.9016.9617.0217.0816.8616.9216.9817.0416.8516.8816.9417.0016.8416.9016.96H0＝16.96H2=16.96－20×3‰+30×2‰=16.96H3=16.96+30×2‰=17.02其它见图115.44216.07316.52416.32515.95615.57716.27817.17917.701017.741115.121217.621317.621418.241519.041615.121715.241816.871917.07ix=3‰iy=2‰17.1417.1017.0617.02\n（3）计算各方格角点的施工高度hn：hn=Hn－Hn’即：hn=该角点的设计标高—自然地面标高（m）h1=16.90－15.44=＋1.46（m）；+1.46+0.04+0.55+0.76+1.29+0.13-0.19-0.66+1.73-0.74-0.68-1.24+1.72+1.66+0.09h2=16.96－16.07=＋0.04（m）；16.9016.9617.0217.0816.8616.9216.9817.0416.8516.8816.9417.0016.8416.9016.96H0＝16.96115.44216.07316.52416.32515.95615.57716.27817.17917.701017.741115.121217.621317.621418.241519.041615.121715.241816.871917.07ix=3‰iy=2‰17.1417.1017.0617.02+1.19-0.64-1.98-0.05\n（4）确定零线的位置（挖填分界线）插入法、比例法找零点零点连线00+1.46+0.04+0.55+0.76+1.29+0.13-0.19-0.66+1.73-0.74-0.68-1.24+1.72+1.66+0.0916.9016.9617.0217.0816.8616.9216.9817.0416.8516.8816.9417.0016.8416.9016.96115.44216.07316.52416.32515.95615.57716.27817.17917.701017.741115.121217.621317.621418.241519.041615.121715.241816.871917.0717.1417.1017.0617.02+1.19-0.64-1.98-0.0500\n①②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨（5）计算场地各方格土方量①、⑦、⑧为全挖或全填网格V挖（填）=a2(h1+h2+h3+h4)/4V1(填)=20X20X(1.46+0.04+1.29+0.13)/4=292m3V7(挖)=20X20X(0.19+0.66+0.68+1.24)/4=277m3V8(挖)=20X20X(0.66+0.64+1.24+1.98)/4=452m300+1.46+0.04+0.55+0.76+1.29+0.13-0.19-0.66+1.73-0.74-0.68-1.24+1.72+1.66+0.0916.9016.9617.0217.0816.8616.9216.9817.0416.8516.8816.9417.0016.8416.9016.96115.44216.07316.52416.32515.95615.57716.27817.17917.701017.741115.121217.621317.621418.241519.041615.121715.241816.871917.0717.1417.1017.0617.02+1.19-0.64-1.98-0.0500⑩⑪\n②③④⑤⑥⑨⑩⑪为部分挖、部分填网格V挖（填）=a2[h挖（填）]2/4hV2(挖)=20X20X(0.19)2/(0.04+0.55+0.13+0.19)X4=3.97m3V2(填)=20X20X(0.04+0.55+0.13)2/(0.04+0.55+0.13+0.19)X4=56.97m3V3(挖)=83.56m3V3(填)=1.56m3V4(挖)=20.75m3V4(填)=30.75m3V5(挖)=0.9m3V5(填)=91.9m3V6(挖)=115m3V6(填)=0.03m3①②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨00+1.46+0.04+0.55+0.76+1.29+0.13-0.19-0.66+1.73-0.74-0.68-1.24+1.72+1.66+0.0916.9016.9617.0217.0816.8616.9216.9817.0416.8516.8816.9417.0016.8416.9016.96115.44216.07316.52416.32515.95615.57716.27817.17917.701017.741115.121217.621317.621418.241519.041615.121715.241816.871917.0717.1417.1017.0617.02+1.19-0.64-1.98-0.0500⑩⑪\n（6）计算总的挖填土方量V总(挖)=V2(挖)+V3(挖)+V4(挖)+V5(挖)+V6(挖)+V7(挖)+V8(挖)+V9(挖)+V10(挖)+V11(挖)V总(填)=V1(填)+V2(填)+V3(填)+V4(填)+V5(填)+V6(填)+V9(填)+V10(填)+V11(填)①②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨00+1.46+0.04+0.55+0.76+1.29+0.13-0.19-0.66+1.73-0.74-0.68-1.24+1.72+1.66+0.0916.9016.9617.0217.0816.8616.9216.9817.0416.8516.8816.9417.0016.8416.9016.96115.44216.07316.52416.32515.95615.57716.27817.17917.701017.741115.121217.621317.621418.241519.041615.121715.241816.871917.0717.1417.1017.0617.02+1.19-0.64-1.98-0.0500⑩⑪\n课堂练习123456789101112131415iy=3‰43.2443.0743.9444.3444.8042.9443.3543.7644.1744.6742.5842.9043.2343.6744.23ix=2‰某工程场地的一部分如下图所示，方格网尺寸为20X20，泄水坡度ix=2‰，iy=3‰，计算挖方和填方的土方总量。